Religious Autonomy and Genuine Occupational Requirements: The CJEU’s Judgment in Katholische Schwangerschaftsberatung v JB
In Katholische Schwangerschaftsberatung v JB the CJEU returned to consider the question of how to balance the right of religious organisations to religious autonomy with the right of their staff...
Neutrality, Pluralism, and the Limits of Secular Uniformity: A Rejoinder to Leon Langdon
Leon Langdon’s response to my article on Union of Atheists v. Greece (2025) offers a thoughtful engagement with the question of religious symbols in courtrooms. While his arguments merit careful...
Neutrality is not Amnesia: Religious Symbols and the European Convention on Human Rights
The question of whether religious symbols may be displayed in courtrooms has come before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in the case of Union of Atheists v. Greece....
Beyond Procedural Relief: The Case for Systemic Constitutional Review of India’s Anti-Conversion Laws
On 17 October 2025, the Supreme Court of India in Rajendra Bihari Lal v. State of Uttar Pradesh, quashed multiple FIRs under the Uttar Pradesh Prohibition of Unlawful Conversion of...
Malaysian Federal Court Held that a Fatwa Cannot Declare a Company ‘Deviant’ from Islamic Teachings
On 19 June 2025, the Federal Court of Malaysia overturned a Court of Appeal decision which upheld a fatwa (religious edict) declaring SIS Forum (Malaysia), individuals and organisations subscribing to...
The Internationally Recognised Right to Conscientious Objection Under Real Risk in Ukraine
Going into the fourth year of resistance of the Ukrainian nation to Russian aggression, a lack of soldiers is one of the main problems of Ukrainian reality. The Ukrainian government...
Weaponising Reform: The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025 and Its Assault on Religious Freedom
On 6 April 2025, the President of India gave assent to the Unified Waqf Management, Empowerment, Efficiency, and Development Act, 2025, marketed as a measure to “streamline” oversight of India’s...
The Slippery Slope of Selective Recognition: The Anti-Hinduphobia Bill of Georgia
On 4 April 2025, Georgia became the first state in the United States of America (US) to introduce a bill on anti-Hindu discrimination and Hinduphobia. The bill, SB 375, seeks...
From Land Claims to Sacred Land Claims: Reflections on the Yunupingu Judgement and The Potential of ‘Freedom of Religion or Belief’
Warning to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders: this article contains the name of a deceased person. On 12 March 2025, the High Court of Australia (‘the Court’) issued its much-awaited...
Intersectional discrimination of Muslim women in Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Mujanović case
On July 11, 2024, the Bosnian Constitutional Court ruled that Emela Mujanović (at that time soldier in the Bosnian Army Forces) was not allowed to wear a headscarf (hijab) at...
The Ahmadiyya in Pakistan: Religious Persecution, Human Rights, and Islam
The Ahmadiyya are a religious minority who suffer persecution in Pakistan and many other Muslim-majority countries. In 2023, for example, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan reported that at least...
R v Michaela Community Schools Trust: Human Rights and Freedom of Religion in the UK
The relationship between Islam, religious freedom, and human rights has long been a subject of debate in Britain. However, the significance of the latest instalment in this saga, the judgment...
