Making Apartheid Irreversible: Israel’s Death Penalty Statutes and Third State Obligations
When the Israeli Knesset voted to approve the Death Penalty for Terrorists Bill on 30 March 2026, it made irreversible through state-administered killing what the International Court of Justice (ICJ)...
Women and the Labour Market: Navigating Algorithm Decision Making
AI is reshaping the labour market, influencing operations across organisations, as Eurostat shows. The ILO has stated that women are more likely than men to be affected by automation. As...
Religious Autonomy and Genuine Occupational Requirements: The CJEU’s Judgment in Katholische Schwangerschaftsberatung v JB
In Katholische Schwangerschaftsberatung v JB the CJEU returned to consider the question of how to balance the right of religious organisations to religious autonomy with the right of their staff...
The CJEU ruling on the Adequate Minimum Wages Directive: Opening a door for progressive social experimentation? (Part II)
On 11 November 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU/Court) delivered the anxiously awaited judgment in Denmark v Parliament and Council (C-19/23). Save for a small part...
The CJEU ruling on the Adequate Minimum Wages Directive: opening a door for progressive social experimentation? (Part I)
On 11 November 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU/Court) delivered the anxiously awaited judgment in Denmark v Parliament and Council (C-19/23). Save for a small part...
Playing with the Brain: The AI Act in the Age of Neurotechnology
Article 5 of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act in the European Union (EU) came into force on 2 February 2025. A provision that is of considerable interest is Article 5(1)(a)...
From Magna Carta to Machine Learning: AI Without Borders, Laws Within
With the rapidly increasing era of new technology, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI), a deep paradox exists due to complexity, insufficient precedent, and loopholes in laws that ideally should preserve the...
AI Regulation, Migration and the New International World Order
In a world where one’s digital blueprint has already become a determining factor for the achievement of various socio-economic rights such as employment, education, and other personal milestones, the prospect...
Tartu Vangla – A Step Closer to Full Alignment of EU law with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (3/8)
In Tartu Vangla the Court of Justice of the EU (”the Court”) reiterated that employers must conduct an individualised assessment to determine if an employee with a disability can perform...
Disability discrimination in the EU: The Scope of Comparison (2/8)
Can disabled workers compare themselves to other disabled workers for the purposes of a discrimination claim under the Employment Equality Directive? And if an apparently neutral rule disadvantages some disabled...
Twenty-five Years of Protection Against Disability-based Discrimination in the EU: An Evolving Understanding of Disability (1/8)
Twenty-five years ago, the EU legally enshrined the prohibition of discrimination based on disability in the Employment Equality Directive. A series of posts coordinated by the Berkeley Center on Comparative...
Should Mandatory Human Rights Due Diligence Be Based on Social Expectations?
A key tenet of business and human rights has become the introduction of mandatory human rights due diligence (HRDD), a process that attempts to introduce the essentials of due diligence...
