Does discrimination cover situations in which the differing treatment is imposed on persons within a group sharing a protected characteristic? The Court of Justice of the European Union (the Court)...
Reproductive Rights and Democracy in Poland
On 22 October 2020, the Polish Constitutional Tribunal held it was unconstitutional for a women to access abortion in cases where there was ‘a medical indication that there existed a...
Poland’s Controversial Judicial Reforms in Bid to ‘De-communise’ the Country
Since coming into power, Poland’s ruling Law and Justice Party (PiS) has introduced controversial sweeping changes to the judiciary. Accusing Poland of undermining EU values and democratic principles, the EU...
The Rule of Law in Poland and the European Arrest Warrant: A Blessing in Disguise?
On 25 July 2018 the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) ruled in Minister for Justice and Equality v LM that a judicial authority...
Penalising Anti-Semitism in Poland: Creating “Free Speech Martyrs”?
On a November night in 2015, an effigy of a Jew was burnt in the main market square in Wrocław, Poland, as part of a protest against accepting refugees into...